The Importance of Cardiovascular Conditioning - 3006 Words

Cardiovascular fitness shows how the heart and lungs supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement. The ability to deliver oxygen to the muscles is affected by many physiological parameters, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and maximal oxygen consumption. Cardiovascular conditioning utilizes and transports the necessary oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. In order for the body to deliver adequate oxygenated blood and nutrients to the muscles, the body has to be well conditioned. By the body being well conditioned it improves the muscles capacity to use extra oxygen. Cardiovascular training is the most important style of training both†¦show more content†¦The warm up is the most important part of cardiovascular conditioning. Warming up before an intense exercise helps to gradually increase the heart rate and prevent abnormal heart rhythms. Warming up also helps with prev enting straining on the heart muscle and heart attacks from abnormal heart rhythms. The warm up period should last about five to ten minutes. During this time the body is preparing for the exercise activities. Warm up exercises prepare the body for exercising by increasing the blood flow to the muscles allowing them to loosen up, which can raise the flow of oxygen to the muscle cells. Doing this gradually increases the bodys temperature. This then increases the speed and force of muscular contractions, because nerve impulses travel faster at higher body temperatures, and muscles become less stiff or more pliable. They also help to gradually increase the heart rate and ensure that the demand made on the circulatory and metabolic systems is gradual as well. In a safe and gradual way they allow blood to be diverted away from other parts of the body such as the digestive system to the muscles being exercised. This initial part of your exercise session helps to improve neural function and co-ordination, protect major joints as it takes time to increase the supply of lubricating synovial fluid and to thicken the articular cartilages – the body’s shock absorbers. The warm ups intensity should cause perspiration but not cause fatigue. The typeShow MoreRelatedObesity Is Popular Modern Society1579 Words   |  7 Pagesobesity and chronic illness. Thus, it is of great importance in modern society, for both children and adults. There are three main types of learning principles, known as classical conditioning, ope-rant conditioning and observational learning. Each of them plays an important role in shaping diet. This essay mainly talks about the importance of dietary in modern society and application of learning principles in shaping diet. Dietary is of great importance in modern society, for both children and adultsRead MoreWhy do you think it is important to set fitness goals for yourself and strive towards a high level1300 Words   |  6 Pagesa graph, you would see a consistent positive increase. On a grander scale beyond improvements in my beep test score, I also found improvements in the functioning of my cardio-pulmonary. This has resulted in great strides in my strengthening and conditioning endurance. Areas that I note require improvements are my muscular endurance and muscular strength. (especially in my arms).When I am participating in activities that require muscular endurance and muscular strength (such as push-ups), I found thatRead MoreAtp Computer System And The Atp Pc System1500 Words   |  6 Pagesstrengthening circuit in our preseason training session where we focused on strength over cardiovascular training. Further research also showed that about 80% of the energy used in a game of softball is p rovided by the ATP-PC system, 15% from the Lactic Acid System while a mere 5% is used aerobically according to D Szymanski’s Strength and Conditioning Journal. This research further suggests the high importance of power, speed and strength and emphasising the training of the anaerobic system. ChapterRead MorePassive Anaerobic And Aerobic Exercise Assist System For The Inactive And Sedentary Population2066 Words   |  9 Pagessystem’s executed together (simultaneously or subsequently). The system, primarily houses a: Passive Aerobic Cardiovascular Workout Unit, Passive Anaerobic Exercise Unit and Perspiration Workout Unit. However, here we consider only the Perspiration Workout Unit and the literature reviews focusing on the effects and the clinical implication of this method as a Passive Aerobic Cardiovascular Workout / Exercise System are yet scarce. The purpose of this literature research was to determine, whether usingRead MoreThe Importance Of Change In Health81 5 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals to keep up with various disease screenings that should be a part of one’s regular regime. There is a lack of information, promotion, and awareness for the preventative measures that can be done in order to protect against certain cancers, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. People who are at risk, might not even know they are, or life circumstances can arise that make people want to take action but they don’t know where to start. By implementing certain strategic techniques, we can target groupsRead MorePersuasive Essay Football759 Words   |  4 Pages agility, endurance, and hand-eye coordination. In an article by Steve Silverman titles â€Å"What Are the Health Benefits of Being a Football Player?,† it lists the benefits that come along with playing football. The benefits it lists are: cardiovascular conditioning, strength training, confidence, speed, and quickness. These are important because in todays society, obesity is a growing epidemic and by allowing my child to play a physically demanding sport, youre promoting a healthy lifestyle forRead MoreThe Importance of Social Support on Health1488 Words   |  6 Pages{NAME} The Importance of Social Support on Health {INSTRUCTOR} {DATE} Although social interaction is complex, some believe that it is vital to human health, both mentally and physically. The nature of social behavior is that many people find it hard to open their hearts and share their feelings and problems. However, social interaction where people can talk out their problems and feel accepted and understood is very beneficial to mental health. It is influenced by the numberRead MoreNational Highway Traffic Safety Administration1056 Words   |  5 Pagesmentioned previously, mental fatigue can get in the way of the ability to make quick and accurate decisions. When you are constantly working in unique and stressful situations, being mentally alert and sharp minded would seem to be of the utmost importance. The physical fatigue can take a variety of forms. There is a 2012 study that surveyed â€Å"550 EMTs and found 18% of them reported an injury when severely fatigued and 90 % reported safety-compromising behavior due to fatigue.†(Journ al of EmergencyRead MoreLate Adulthood And Death Of An Individual Across The Life Span Development Process1474 Words   |  6 Pageswill examine late adulthood and death of an individual across the life span development process. Discuss ageism and stereotypes, evaluated how an individual can promote ones health and wellness to mitigate the negative effects of aging, Analyze the importance of relationships and social interactions nearing the end of life. Finally I will identify cultural and personal attitudes related to death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism is known as a prejudice or discrimination based solely on one’s ageRead MoreThe Agent For Heart Failure1524 Words   |  7 Pagescan help boost the pumping action of a weakened heart and improve the client’s exercise tolerance. Thesis Statement: Dobutamine treatment and physical therapy can benefit clients with heart failure, enhance overall cardiopulmonary conditioning. Beale, Hollenberg, Vincent, Parillo (2004, p. 455) identifies inotropes as a class of drugs responsible for facilitating and improving myocardial contractility for critically ill patients; one of these drugs is Dobutamine;

Employment Discrimination In The Workplace - 1851 Words

A lot of people in the world have a reason as to why they wake up early in the morning and come out of the house, some sleep late at night while others have to stay online with their machines.Majority do this to earn a living from their jobs.Different jobs have different schedules and one has to keep their schedules right by doing what is expected according to their company policy.This is what one has to read and understand, later sign with the employer for the work schedule to kick off.Employers must treat all employees equally without discrimination and work towards a specific goal which is company related. This is not the case to most companies.Some companies tend to favor some employees while others discriminate and they end up†¦show more content†¦The company ended up violating American with Disability Act (ADA) which advocates protection of people with different disabilities both job seekers and employees in a company.The employers should also not enquire of any of its employees disabilities if its not work related.(U.S Department of Labor, n.d) COMPARISON WITH CLASS ACTION LAW SUIT Ideally the issue of privacy and medical records is very vital according to the law.It is there the right of every employer to respect the patients privacy as far as the work relation agenda is attained.Various employers tend to discriminate and fire employees due to lack of disclosing their medical reports yet they are not among the third party list of disclosure.It is so unlawful and therefore the employer must face allegations and compensate theShow MoreRelatedEmployment Discrimination Within The Workplace1079 Words   |  5 PagesEmployment Discrimination in Indonesia As stated on wikipedia.org, discrimination is action that denies social participation or human rights to categories of people based on prejudice. This includes treatment of an individual or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated. This could be done directly or indirectly. Direct discrimination could arise from punishments and indirect discriminationRead MoreWorkplace : Employment And Pregnancy Discrimination1821 Words   |  8 Pages Women in the Workplace: Employment and Pregnancy Discrimination Shenea Abraham Barry University â€Æ' Introduction Law and society is a multi-disciplinary field of study within the broader field of legal studies. The question is what is law? There is no single definition of law. The most influential definition of law is by Max Weber which states that â€Å"laws are an order of rules that are externally guaranteed through physical (or psychological) coercion by an authorized â€Å"staff† of people whoRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Can Wear Many Faces In The Workplace.1703 Words   |  7 PagesEmployment discrimination can wear many faces in the workplace. Three common workplace discriminations are in the categories of age, weight, and sexual orientation. Only age discrimination has a specific law named after it. The law is called the Age Discrimination Act (ADA). Weight discrimination is linked with the Americans with Disabilities Act in order to be enforced. Sexual orientation (Gender identity) is linked with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. There is a new regulation called the LGBT emp loymentRead MoreThe Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2009—Ensuring Equality in the Workplace for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Workers1485 Words   |  6 Pageshave no laws on record preventing discrimination against gender identity or expression—commonly known as transgender. While these statistics may be disheartening for many gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) individuals, it is not all doom and gloom. Employment protections and rights for GLBTs have grown exponentially in the past two decades. Fortune 500 companies have helped lead the charge for securing equality for gays and lesbians in the workplace. In 2009, more than 85% of FortuneRead MoreUsefulness Of The Future Managers1213 Words   |  5 Pagesstartups may violate one or more aspects of the employment law. The book is useful in training prospective future managers and employers since the workplace discrimination scenario is a rapidly changing issue that requires a more intellectual approach. The risks of violating the discrimination rules are devastating to both the employer and organization. Knowledge is power, and the prospective managers will gain the knowledge surrounding employment discrimination and harassment and are thus informed of theRead MoreEthics of Workplace Discrimination Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace ethics are standards or codes that determines right and wrong moral behavior in the work environment. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.† (Oxford Dictionary) Workplace discrimination deals with issues such as religion, race, gender, disability, age, and sexual orientation. Covering all of these issues is beyond the scope of this paper, therefore, I will focus onRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1205 Words   |  5 Pages Workplace Discrimination Employment discrimination manifests in a variety of forms. The most common scenario is when the employer unfairly treats job applicants and employees because of their gender, race, age, disability, nationality or familial status. Often, employment discrimination that emanates from familial status occurs because of events such as pregnancy. The employers usually take adverse and cruel actions against these employees or rather potential employees. Contextually, adverse actionRead More Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagesdisabilities (Hernandez, 2000). . The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination based upon their disability (Bennett-Alexander, 2001). The protection extends to discrimination in a broad range of activities, including public services, public accommodations and employment. The ADAs ban against disability discrimination applies to both private and public employers in the United States. Not all individuals with disabilities are protectedRead MoreWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in manyRead MoreThe Community Of Lgbt Workers Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesSince the beginning of their existence and in today’s society, the community of LGBT workers are not being treated fairly or getting their fair share that they deserve in the workplace. They are victims to high rates of workplace discrimination. Instead of being judged as workers and what they bring to their jobs and how they work, they are being judged by their sexual preferences and appearance. Being a gay or transgender worker causes them to be mistreated, not judged for the actual workers they

Supplier Relationship Management Free Essays

Many customer-supplier relationships were weakened or damaged during the economic downturn. To rescue them, both sides need to acknowledge past mistakes, identify the causes of those problems, take corrective action, and monitor the results. As of this writing, all signs are pointing toward recovery, and economic indicators (take your pick) are suggesting a better ending to 2010 than we experienced in 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Supplier Relationship Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Optimistic whispers in the first few months of this year became clearly audible announcements when Quarter 1 earnings were released. Demand is on the rise, lashed capacity is beginning to fill up, and at many companies, earnings will exceed expectations. Despite the fact that business is improving in most industries, companies will continue to struggle for some time to overcome the effects of the recession on their supply chains. This is especially true for those that made drastic decisions and acted in ways that altered their supply chain capacity and supplier services. Customer-supplier relationships have been caught up in this turmoil and have often suffered as a result. The economic upheaval of the past 18 months has left many relationships weakened, damaged, or even severed. With demand increasing, now is the time for buyers and suppliers to assess the current state of their relationships and then address or resolve any concerns. This can be accomplished through a four-step process that includes acknowledging what has happened, identifying the causes of any problems, agreeing on and implementing corrective actions, and following up and maintaining the improved relationship. These steps should be carried out within your company’s supplier relationship management (SRAM) program. SRAM is a formalized process through which companies build strong, collaborative relationships with their vital suppliers to make improvements and achieve their mutual supply chain goals. If you do not already have a formal SRAM program, then following these steps can serve as the foundation for this type of initiative. Customers and suppliers that adopt this process and commit to continuing it in the future will not only reaffirm and strengthen their partnerships but will also ensure that they create an effective, flexible supply chain. Step 1: Acknowledge past mistakes Start out by evaluating your current relationship with your most critical suppliers. This assumes that you have already segmented your supply base and identified your most important suppliers. You can follow this process for all suppliers, of course, but to maximize the value of your efforts, it’s a good idea to address the most essential suppliers first. Once the top suppliers have been singled out, you can assess the current state of your relationship with each of them individually. The most important part of this first step is to identify and acknowledge the mistakes that were made on both sides. Ask the following questions and examine your answers carefully: Is this relationship in turmoil? If so, what were the actions that created this tension, and position are you or your suppliers in now as a result? How does the supplier feel toward you, and how do you feel toward the supplier? Do you deem the relationship to be weakened, damaged, or severed? Is the relationship meaningful for your company, and will improving that relationship bring value to both parties? By answering these questions, you will define the roadman toward reconciliation and improved effectiveness?or to accepting a separation, if that proves necessary. Once you have determined that the relationship is worth repairing or saving, it is time to pursue open and honest communication with that supplier. Integrity and trust are he basis for any relationship, and addressing difficult topics in a frank and objective manner will be appreciated by everyone involved. Coming to the table in an open manner is Just the beginning, however. The magnitude of the strife in the relationship will dictate the level of effort required to address it. Weakened relationships, while still requiring direct and concerted effort, can be more easily repaired than those with damaged elements or those that have been severed. A special note on severed relationships: If you are not sincere about reconciliation, then do not waste your time or your supplier’s time. The amount of time and audience required to rebuild a previously severed relationship can be substantial, and if either party lacks commitment, true reconciliation becomes doubtful. Step 2: Find the real source of the problem The most delicate part of this process involves identifying the root cause of the problems. Bringing in a neutral third party to help both sides review the current relationship and past experiences is one way to maintain objectivity during these discussions. In this type of conversation, emotions and personal involvement tend to rise to the surface, and the â€Å"effect† part of â€Å"cause and effect† often becomes the focal mint. This is a situation you should strive to avoid. If participants fail to consider the root of a problem, only the symptom will be treated, and another one that may be even more harmful to the relationship will inevitably appear. In reviewing the events of the last 18 months, many customers and suppliers may point to the economy and decreased demand as the cause of relationship strife and discontent. There’s no denying that the economy was an underlying factor. As orders plummeted, original equipment manufacturers (Moms) reduced capacities to attempt to match output and expenses to very weak demand. Many suppliers were unaware of the dramatic steps taken by Moms and were left with buildup in their inventories of up to 50 percent? with no buyers for that stock in sight. These high inventory levels caused a variety of problems for suppliers and, in the worst cases, resulted in bankruptcy. While the economy and declining demand clearly play a role here, poor customer-supplier relationships and the lack of strong communication channels appear to be a major cause of the devastating inventory buildup. This might have been avoided by improving forecasting tools or enhancing operational capabilities to more quickly spend to downward shifts in demand. Both are sound actions to pursue at any time, but neither will resolve the lack of customer- supplier communication that will continue to cause problems in the future. An important question to ask here is: â€Å"Were there warning signs before the problem occurred? † As both customer and supplier consider this question, they should reflect upon quantitative (on-time measurements that may have signaled trouble ahead. Discussing these measurements or signals as well as the customer’s and supplier’s responses to those developments will help to establish where specific problems originated. Step 3: Identify and implement corrective actions Now that the root causes of relationship strife and their leading indicators have been identified, the next step is to define and implement corrective actions. These actions can include procedural changes, changes in safety stocks, increased communication requirements, or even changes in personnel. Observe the impact of these corrective actions on the original symptoms (the â€Å"effect†) and ensure that the resulting improvements can be objectively measured and quantified. For example, a procedural change could reduce the amount of time required to process a orientation, therefore the number of transactions per hour will increase. Moreover, increasing safety stock and boosting communication requirements (such as sending status updates more frequently) may yield higher service levels, which can also be measured. It’s wise to avoid subjective measurements, which may invite interpretations that lead to more disagreements and conflicts. Be sure to incorporate these measurements into an existing customer-supplier scorecard process, or if none exists, take the opportunity to create one that can be reviewed periodically. The solutions you develop can and should vary based on the type of relationship you eave with your supplier: A strictly transaction-based relationship that focuses on only one or two activities is likely to be rekindled by focusing attention solely on improving those specific activities. ?Tactical relationships may benefit from solutions that span both upstream and downstream from the basic operational transactions. These relationships may have multiple touch points, and resolving each relationship conflict at each touch point may be an extensive, time-consuming process. Strategic partnerships call for the most complex activities and coordination to revive a distressed rela tionship. Moreover, strategic partnerships frequently span multiple organizations at all levels. So, although most efforts may start at the top of the organizational chart, it is important to address all levels when rebuilding trust and good will. Carrying out the solutions you agree on most likely will involve increased sharing of operational and business information, such as supply inventory levels, point-of-sales data, and market trends that are beneficial for both customer and supplier. Frequently, an investment in information technology software can facilitate and enhance this kind of extensive data sharing. Step 4: Monitor and maintain the allegations After implementing corrective actions, you’ll need to conduct management reviews in which progress is discussed, milestones are recognized, and changes to planned milestones are decided upon when necessary. It almost goes without saying that these reviews should be carried out in a timely fashion. The definition of â€Å"timeliness,† however, depends upon what activities are being measured and on their inherent cycle times. The review should occur within a time frame that allows sufficient data points identifying change to be generated. A premature review will show lack of progress and can lower confidence levels. At the same time, a late review or prolonged periods between reviews can Jeopardize momentum or even introduce been introduced since the previous review. Matching management reviews to meaningful data generation will help avoid these pitfalls and keep the momentum toward positive relationship change. The successful repair of a customer-supplier relationship will heavily depend on the involvement of the leadership teams and the commitment of both sides to the process. If continuing the relationship will bring value to both parties, then their commitment to achieving success (and to maintaining the relationship) should be explicit. In other words, leadership’s involvement in supplier relationship management demonstrates the importance of this activity to the organization. Nevertheless, sustaining the relationship can be difficult even when there is great support from the leadership of both customer and supplier. It makes sense, therefore, to consider turning the relationship management activities that have been developed to address specific problems into a formalized program supporting continued improvement. Leverage the scheduled reviews, progress metrics, and milestones to shape the content of a formal customer- supplier management process. Expand team and individual involvement to other levels of the organization as appropriate. Remember that a customer-supplier relationship is a two-way street? throughout the â€Å"monitor and maintain† phase, both sides should be openhanded and go out of their way to learn from each other. For example, the customer can teach the supplier that it needs to provide more than Just the right product at the right price, and the supplier can teach the customer that it requires more information than a basic forecast if it is to support the customer’s supply chain success. Relationships: The foundation of success Now is the time to assess your customer-supplier relationships, as your company recovers from the Great Recession and prepares for an upturn in business. If those relationships are weakened, damaged, or severed, consider taking the following steps: Objectively acknowledge the past and open a clear communication channel with the sincere intent of building a mutually beneficial relationship. Discuss and discover the sources (the â€Å"cause†) of the problems and develop corrective actions. Be careful not to fall into the trap of addressing symptoms (the â€Å"effects†). Follow through tit corrective actions and continue to monitor and maintain the relationship. To improve the likelihood of success, ensure that there is leadership support from both customer and supplier. Remember, solid, healthy customer-supplier relationships form the foundation of an enterprise’s success. Companies that continue to suffer because of weakened, damaged, or severed relationships will surely lose to their competition. Justine Brown is principal at the consulting firm Tompkins Associates. An organization spends substantial portion of every dollar on the purchase of raw materials, components, and services. In fact, 60% of cost goods sold are consisted of purchased goods. Therefore, supplier quality can substantially affect the overall cost of a product or service. One of the keys to obtaining high-quality products and services is for the customer to work with suppliers in a partnering atmosphere to achieve the same quality level as attained within the organization. Customers and suppliers have the same goal?to satisfy end user. The better the supplier quality, the better the supplier’s long-term position, because the customer will have better work together as partners to maximize their return on investment. There have been number of forces that have changed supplier relations. Prior to the sass, procurement decisions were typically based on price, thereby awarding contracts to lowest bidder. As a result, quality and timely delivery were sacrificed. One force, Deeming fourth point, addressed this problem. He stated that customers must stop awarding business based on the low bidder because price has no basis without quality. In addition, he advocated single suppliers for each items to help develop a long-term relationship of loyalty and trust. These actions will lead to improved products and services. Another force changing supplier relations was the introduction of the Just-in-time TIT) concept. It calls for raw materials and components to reach the production operations in small quantities when they are needed and not before. The benefits of SIT is that inventory-related costs are kept to minimum. Procurement lots are small and delivery is frequent. As a result, the supplier have many more process setups, thus becoming a SIT organization itself. The supplier must drastically reduce setup time or its cost will increase. Before there is little or no inventory, the quality incoming material must be very good or the reduction line will be shut down. To be successful, SIT requires exceptional quality and reduced setup time. The practice of continuous process improvement has also caused many suppliers develop partnership with their customers. A final force is ISO 9000, which is mandated by the major automotive assembly firms. Specifically, first tier and tiers subsequent to the Moms must maintain supply chain development through three key factors: zero defects, 100% on-time delivery, and a process for continuous improvement. These forces have changed adversarial customer-supplier relationship into mutually beneficial partnerships. Joint efforts improve quality, reduce costs, and increase market share for both parties. Dry. Koru Chickasaws has suggested 10 principles to ensure quality products and services and eliminate unsatisfactory conditions between the customer and the supplier: 1 . Both customers and the suppliers are fully responsible for the control of quality. 2. Both the customer and supplier should be independent of each other and respect each other’s independence. 3. The customer is responsible for providing the supplier with clear sufficient requirements so that supplier can know precisely what to produce. 4. Both the customer and the supplier should enter into a non adversarial contract with respect to quality, quantity, price, delivery method, and terms payments. 5. The supplier is responsible for providing the quality that will satisfy the customer and submitting necessary data upon customer’s request. 6. Both the customer and the supplier should decide the method to evaluate the quality of the product or service to the satisfaction of both parties. 7. Both the customer and the supplier should establish in the contract the method by which they can reach an amicable settlement of any disputes that may arise. 8. Both the customer and the applier should continually exchange information, sometimes using multifunctional teams, in order to improve the product or service quality. . Both the customer and the supplier should perform business activities such as procurement, production, and inventory planning, clerical work, and systems so that an amicable and satisfactory relationship is maintained. 10. When dealing with business the end user in mind. Although most of the principles are common sense, a close scrutiny shows that a true partnering r elationship exists with long-term relationship, where each party preserves their identity and independence. How to cite Supplier Relationship Management, Papers

Causes of Defaults in Microfinance Institutions in Sub Saharan Africa

Question: Discuss about theCauses of Defaults in Microfinance Institutions in Sub Saharan Africa. Answer: Introduction Background of the Study Financial institutions have played an important role in various parts of the world. Despite this there have been problems of loan defaults among the microfinance bank than main banks especially in developing countries. We want to establish whether the microfinance institutions contribute significantly to the causes of the defaults. In reference to Otero (1999), microfinance refers to providing or making financial services available to low-income poor people. Microfinance first came on the limelight in 1970s with the construction of Grameen Bank courtesy of Muhammad Yunus (Robinson, 2001). Before then from 1950s the role of the current microfinance was being played by donors and governments. Unfortunately the idea was met by myriad of challenges which resulted in high rate of default and hence losses to the government and the donors (Robinson, 2001). Research by (Schreiner, 2003) asserts that by 1996 there were about 1000 MFIs in about one hundred countries with an estimation of 1000 members. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have recently seen an increase in the number of microfinance institutions due to high demand for microcredit for SMEs and poor business people in urban and rural areas. The governments have also facilitated the rate at which the microfinance institutions are being established by liberalizing the economies. Whereas the main aim of any microfinance is not only lending but also making profit, high class competition in the sector has led to most of the microfinance institutions compromising on the critical aspects of lending leaving them exposed to high risk of default. The soaring rates of non-payments in microfinances impact badly on the extent of private investment and restrict operations of the institutions credit to borrower as they have to cater for the defaults. On the other hand, success of any microfinance is measured by delinquency loan as a fraction of gross lending. To salvage the delinquency loans, there is need for the microfinance institutions to lay down robust mitigation strategies such as more strict credit policies, an elaborate loan appraisal procedures and proper default recovery procedures. The subsequent chapters of the proposal will include literature review and methodologies that will be used in the actual research. Literature Review Default in microfinance The core objective of this study is to come up with a model to predict loan default among micro-borrowers in Africa. It will then be proper for the study to define or explain the term default. Default in the context of this research study refers to failure of individual borrower to repay a due installment at the right time. Many microfinances have of late been struggling with the problem of default. This has been occasioned by the level of competition in the market which drives them to lend money without proper loan appraisal. It is an issue of concern since it is affecting the operation of many of those institutions. When defaults are minimal or repayment rates are high, the MFIs are able to increase the amount of money they disburse to lenders. They are also able to offer their loans at lower interest rates and even charge lower processing fees (Acquah Addo, 2011). There have been debates as to the causes of loan defaults but a conclusive result is yet to be found. It has been said that some of the reasons that are likely to encourage poor repayments or default are poor management procedures, using loan for unintended purpose, lack of will by the borrower to repay and other economic factors (Wongnaa, 2013). According to (Arene, 1993), a number of factors such as level of education of a farmer, income and experience were better determiners of credit worthiness of a borrower. A research study done in Kwazulu Natal in South Africa by (Mashatola Darroch, 2003) pointed that farm size, loan size, farming experience and level of education affected loan repayment. According to (Eze Ibekwe, 2007) formal education, loan size, size of the family and occupation of the borrower also significantly influenced repayment behavior. Research Questions and Hypothesis Research Questions Could the initial loan appraisal process be the major cause of non-performing loans in microfinance institutions in sub-Saharan Africa? Are the laid down recovery framework and procedures by microfinance institutions be the major cause of defaults in microfinance institutions? What are the lenders factors that could encourage non-performing loans among borrowers in MFIs? Research hypothesis The following is the main research hypothesis of the research project. H0: Microfinance institutions in sub-Saharan Africa contribute significantly to the causes of defaults that they experience. Versus H1: Loan defaults among microfinance institutions borrowers in sub-Saharan Africa have got nothing to do with the institutions themselves. Operational Definitions and Measurements The population of this research will involve established microfinance companies and borrowers from the same institutions in the sub-Saharan Africa. The population will be limited to those microfinance institutions that have been registered by their various governments Central Bank by December 2015. Credit risk managers and loan officers from microfinance institutions will form the population. Research Methodology Sampling Technique The research combines both qualitative and quantitative research design. The quantitative research technique will be used in cases where the some studys test will be done using inferential statistics. This approach method is preferred because of the random nature of the sample from which inference will be made. This design will be used to describe the data and population characteristic.The dependent variable in this case will be default while the independent variables will be loan amount, size of the business, experience with microfinance, level of education of the borrower to mention but a few. Method of Analysis Correlation analysis will also be conducted, to be specific, Pearsons Correlation coefficient will be employed to establish the cross-relationship between the independent and dependent variables; this will be to determine whether there is a significant relationship that exist between a variable and default to the extent that the variable can be an indicator of looming default. During data analysis, multivariate statistical software XL Stats will be used because of its aptness in multivariate analysis. Since the study is having numerous variables, factor analysis will be used since it is able to screen a group of variables depending on the weight of correlation. To add on, the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel will be used to solve the multiple regression equation used in this study and to solve descriptive statistics. Research Process The data will be collected through two ways. These are primary data and secondary data. Primary data will be collected through the use of questionnaires so as to get first-hand information. Secondary data on the other hand refers to data from past records, published journals and data from the microfinances that will be used in the study. Though the study will use both primary and secondary, the study will rely heavily on secondary data. On primary data, a simple random sampling will be employed to select the respondents. A self-administered questionnaire will be employed in data collection. This will help the participants have ample time to answer the questions at their own free time since some of them are usually not ready at the time the researcher wants to conduct the interview. Expected Outcomes From the literature review, it is evident that most of the causes of default or non-payment of loans among microfinance institution borrowers comes from the borrowers themselves and not the microfinance institutions in Africa. Such causes are using the money borrowed for other purposes other than the intended purpose. The other cause from the borrowers may be investing the borrowed money in projects that are not viable. Moreover, there are other causes that come from the institutions themselves such as lack of proper loan appraisal. Conclusion The research study will be an important learning material to policy drafters in MFIs as it will guide them on maintaining a quality and performing loan portfolio. When it comes to delinquency management, the document will come in handy for the top managers of financial institutions and the juniors such as loan officers who directly deal with borrowers from the initial stages of recruitment to loan appraisal. Apart from the financial institutions, the outcome of this research will be a point of reference to potential borrowers to make better choices when looking for any loan product. References Arene, C. J. (1993). An analysis of loan repayment potentials of smallholder soyabean group farmers in Nigeria. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture. Armendariz, B., Morduch, J. (2005). Where Dowe Stand? In Financial Development and Economic Growth: Explaining the Links. (C. Goodhart., Ed.) MicroFinance:. Mashatola, M. C., Darroch, M. A. (2003). Factors affecting the loan status of sugarcane farmers using a graduated mortgage loan repayment scheme in Kwazulu-Natal. Mugwanga, H., Kashangaki, J. (1999). Dropouts among Kenyan microfinancen institutions. Chenai. Ohlson , J. (1980). Financial ratios and the probabilistic prediction of bankruptcy. . Journal of Accounting. Oladeebo, J. O., Oladeebo, O. E. (2008). Determinants of Loan Repayment among Smallholder Farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. Oni , O. A., Oladele, O. I., Oyewole, I. K. (2005). Analysis of Factors Influencing Loan Default among Poultry farmers in Ogun state Nigeria. Journal of central european agriculture. Robinson. (2001). Global poverty in the late 20th century. Journal of International Affairs, 293-301. Schreiner, M. (2003). A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh. Srinivasan, R. (2007). Measuring Delinquency and Default in Microfinance Institutions. Indian Institute of Management: working paper. Wongnaa, C. A. (2013). Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics Factors Affecting Loan Repayment among yam farmers in Sene District of Ghana.

King Richard Iii Commentary free essay sample

Shakespeare presents Richard’s downfall through an unusually resentful tone as well as successfully utilizing certain poetic devices to emphasize the mood and message. The first section, from lines 178 to 182, shows Richard’s state fresh out of his nightmare. Here, he is still processing what had occurred and commenting on his state physically. The first line; â€Å"Give me another horse! Bind up my wounds! † is said by Richard unconsciously as it is his first reaction to the nightmare. This clause actually foreshadows Richard’s situation during the battle at Bosworth where his horse is slain, leaving him at a disadvantage by battling on foot. The usage of exclamation points in this line and also in the next line, â€Å"Have mercy, Jesu! † shows how the effects from the ghosts’ visits still lingered in Richard, causing him to answer in short, bold sentences. This is the first time in the play where he cries out with such fear. We will write a custom essay sample on King Richard Iii Commentary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In line 179, Shakespeare utilizes (a-pos-si-oh-pee-sis); â€Å"Have mercy, Jesu! – Soft, I did but dream†. This shows the change in atmosphere as Richard realizes he was only dreaming. The anxious, terror-stricken atmosphere suddenly weakens into a distressed one. He regains full consciousness but the rest of the passage shows how he is not the same confident villain he once was. This can be perceived for the first time in line 180, where Richard accuses his conscience for the unpleasant dreams shown by an apostrophe, personifying his conscience as cowardly. In lines 181 and 182, Richard says â€Å"It is now dead midnight. / Cold, fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh†. A distressed tone is well set here by utilizing the words â€Å"dead†, â€Å"cold†, â€Å"fearful† and â€Å"trembling†. This creates the dark atmosphere that surrounds Richard’s current condition. This portrays the extent of the fear Richard has experienced in his dream as he uses morbid words. This line also shows how Richard’s fear has not only taken over him inside, but it has also gone to the extent to be revealed on the outside. Throughout the play, Richard has controlled his emotions completely to act as the Machiavel, but this line shows his high confidence deteriorating, exposing the weakness in him. The next section of this passage, from lines 183-193, shows Richard arguing with his conscience after realizing that he himself is the reason of his fear. The tone and the structure changes as Richard starts to question himself while hoping to prove that there is nothing to fear. After carefully analyzing his character, he finally finds that he has become something so sinister that he fears himself. Shakespeare utilizes (hie-pah-for-uh) throughout this section. For example, in line 185, Richard says â€Å"Is there a murderer here? No. Yes, I am†. First, he answers his question with a flat and distinct â€Å"No† but then truthfully contradicts this exclamation with â€Å"Yes, I am†. He cannot lie to himself about what he truly is as he undeniably knows that he is alone in the room. The troubled questions and short, forceful answers create a very staggered speech showing the hesitation and uncertainty in Richard. In line 192, Richard states that he is now a villain; â€Å"I am a villain. Yet I lie. I am not. † In the beginning speech of Richard III, Richard tells the audience that he will â€Å"prove a villain† and now, after analyzing himself, he realizes that he has successfully proved himself. But he hesitates, he is uncertain about this acceptance as he tells himself â€Å"Yet I lie. I am not†. Instead of congratulating himself and gloating about his success, he wants to deny this. This can be compared to Richard’s reaction and character after he successfully deceives Lady Anne into falling in love with him. He was more than proud of his villainy and did not hesitate one second to hide it. His robust, spirited personality is entirely changed in this passage as he now resents the crimes he committed. In the next line, Richard says â€Å"Fool, of thyself speak well. Fool, do not flatter† which in this clause, Shakespeare utilizes anaphora as well as (an-tith-e-ses) together to get Richard’s message along. So far, from what he has already said, his confidence has obviously dropped dramatically as he continued to look further into his past actions. Therefore, when he says â€Å"Fool, of thyself speak well†, he is comforting himself, trying to regain his posture as a villain. But he then balances this phrase out by saying â€Å"Fool, do not flatter†. The use of antithesis shows Richard’s cunning and undeniably smart character once again as he regulates himself so that he will not go overboard with comforting himself. Also, the use of anaphora on the word â€Å"Fool† allows the audience to be certain Richard is referring to the same part of his conscience. It also shows how Richard perceives himself at that moment which is vulnerable and weak. But this line altogether shows how Richard is in such a weak state that he goes through the trouble to not only comfort himself, but also to remind himself not to gloat. In the next section (194-200), Richard moves on from arguing with his conscience, to thinking about the crimes he has committed. The section starts with a metaphor comparing his conscience with a creature with several tongues showing that there are many different voices in Richard’s conscience. This line ties in with the next two lines smoothly with the help of (an-uh-dip-lo-sis). The word â€Å"tongue† is brought up again in the beginning of the next line which is followed by reiterating the word â€Å"tale† from the end of the last line. These lines also lead to a climax; the tongues of Richard’s conscience all have a tale to tell which overall accuses Richard for a villain. Opposite from the recently mentioned lines, lines 197-199 use epistrophe to emphasize the different ways the word â€Å"degree† is used to portray how he is accused of murder and sinned on. This last part of this section displays how Richard knows how people perceive his villainy which he himself finds terrifying. He now understands his guilt which he could not have before his revelation. The last section of this excerpt starts at line 201 and ends at 207. The tone of Richard in this section turns pessimistic as he resides to accepting his misery. He knows that he is genuinely hated and he accepts this. â€Å"There is no creature loves me, / And if I die no soul will pity me†. Here, Richard clearly states how not even a creature or a soul so much as pities him. He also realizes that he does not even expect pity as he has no pity for himself. This brings to show how Richard’s insensitivity has come back. He is slowly regaining his posture as an apathetic villain. Finally, the re-hardened Richard comes to full play in the last few lines (from 205-207) of this passage which is shown through its stable structure. â€Å"Methought the souls of all that I had murdered / Came to my tent, and every one did threat / Tomorrow’s vengeance on the head of Richard† The speech is ot once broken and he confidently dictates it in full comprehensive sentences displaying the full recovery of Richard as the machiavel. This passage gives the audience the final hint that Richard’s downfall is unavoidable. Even though he did recover from his largest obstacle, back to the strong and confident villain he once was, it was in-ev-it-able for this scene to be fully forgotten. Richard’s speech in this scene displays the ultimate breakdo wn of his fearless character which takes part of molding his future in the play.

5 Types of Parallel-Structure Problems

5 Types of Parallel-Structure Problems 5 Types of Parallel-Structure Problems 5 Types of Parallel-Structure Problems By Mark Nichol There are many ways to botch the logical organization of a sentence. Here are examples of five variations, along with discussion and revision of each. 1. You can help not only position your organization for success when audited, but you can focus on protecting the sensitive information of your patients. Probably the the most common of problems with parallel structure is the mangling of â€Å"not only . . . but also† comparisons. When a verb sets up both the â€Å"not only† point and the â€Å"but also† counterpoint, it must precede â€Å"not only† so that it is not bound up with the first point and the â€Å"but also† phrase can therefore share it. Conversely, when each phrase contains its own verb, as here, one verb must follow â€Å"not only† and the other verb must follow â€Å"but also†: â€Å"You can not only help position your organization for success when audited, but you can also focus on protecting the sensitive information of your patients.† 2. She is as foolish, if not more foolish than, her fans. When a parenthetical phrase appears in a sentence, be sure that the sentence remains grammatically valid without it. When the interjection â€Å"if not more foolish than† is omitted from this sentence, what remains â€Å"She is as foolish her fans.† Because that sentence requires a second as to be inserted, after foolish, it belongs there when the parenthetical is included as well: â€Å"She is as foolish as, if not more foolish than, her fans.† 3. Employers can better communicate with this rapidly growing generation to increase their interest and retention of health, safety and loss-prevention training. Another common error in parallel structure is to assume that two nouns can share a preposition, when each requires its own. Here, â€Å"retention of† is a correct prepositional phrase, but interest does not combine with of; it requires its own idiomatic partner: â€Å"Employers can better communicate with this rapidly growing generation to increase their interest in and retention of health and safety loss-prevention training.† (The second prepositional phrase, bundled with and, can be parenthesized with commas, but the punctuation is not necessary.) 4. They called him sexist, racist, and highlighted his contentious relationship with the industry. This sentence makes three points: The person is sexist, the person is racist, and the person has a contentious relationship with the industry; observers are said to have labeled him with the first two negative qualities and emphasized a third factor. Just as the statement preceding the sentence you are reading right now has three verbs in the first clause, the original sentence requires a verb for each point. Better yet, the first two can be joined with a conjunction, rather than divided by a comma, so that they can share called: â€Å"They called him sexist and racist and highlighted his contentious relationship with the industry.† 5. Enforcement actions by regulators in the United Kingdom are usually less severe in comparison to the United States. Sometimes, the absence of a word or phrase renders a comparison incomplete. Here, enforcement actions are being faultily compared to a nation. For enforcement actions in one nation to be compared to enforcement actions in another nation, the detail, or a paraphrase of it (in this case, â€Å"those of†) must be reiterated: â€Å"Enforcement actions by regulators in the United Kingdom are usually less severe in comparison to those in the United States.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsQuiet or Quite?

My media life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My media life - Essay Example Cellular phones, iPads, netbooks or any mobile device has afforded me the portability of communications not possible before any of these devices entered the consumer electronics market and makes life fulfilling. The sheer amount of information that is today available out there makes me selective on which media outlets that I visit and patronize. After all, there are only 24 hours in a day so that I have to allocate my time efficiently on what sites to visit and which media outlet to use. A person has to be very discriminating as well with regards to the information available, as it is not possible to regard everything and every bit of information posted on the Internet as very reliable. In other words, there is a pressing need for some form of content curation which will verify whether information is true or not; the rest of information out there may not be much of a worth or anything if it has not been verified or undergone some form of editing. Any person must be very discriminating indeed when it comes to getting information from some sources. I spend a considerable sum on my media access, which can be divided into television on cable and on Internet access with broadband connections. It is vital for me that I get a real moneys worth on what I am paying for but as mentioned before, I have to be very selective in the sites and sources of my information which I access almost on a daily basis. This means I get what I pay for in terms of entertainment, news information, specific knowledge on some topics for my research purposes, whatever this may be, and connecting with my friends and family in far-flung places. This means all my information sources must be reliable to a degree where I can assume everything that I read about is reliable, that information has been vetted. The Information Age has given way to the newer

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Research Paper - Essay Example This resulted in great economic down turn and also loss of lives, the United States up to date still compensates the veterans of the war, not forgetting that they spent a lot of money in the war, which they eventually withdrew from in the long run. Many soldiers got permanent injuries and billions lost their lives. It is estimated that 58,000 American soldiers died during the war, 300,000 were physically wounded, and 2387 reported missing (Murrin et al 143). The war not only affected the United States troops that had been in the battlefield. The wars also affected the Americans who had constantly watched the happenings on the war front, as they had been aired endlessly in the media. Many had to deal with the post war trauma while others, had to deal with the death of their loved ones. Many children were orphaned, other families never got to know what had happened to their relatives as many other soldiers were reported missing. Despite the fact that the government compensated the veterans’ families, most people had believed it had not been in its place to get involved in the war. Others argued against the government’s move to recruit young people and send them to war. The nation lost a vast number of its young gen eration through the war. The Vietnam War resulted in a financial setback that was felt throughout the United States. The country lost an estimated $167 billion spent on the war (McNamara 186). The government spent a vast amount of money to purchase and produce supplies and weapons for the army involved in the war. A failure by President Lyndon’s government to increase taxation while financing a major war and a great society simultaneously led to a notable increase in a double digit inflation that resulted in federal debt (Buckallo 87). The mounting debt served to ravage the American economy and contribute to a decrease in living standards witnessed from the late 1960s into the 90s. Further, the war veterans had to be compensated, and

Financial Ratio for Krispy Kreme and BCG Matrix for McDonald's Assignment

Financial Ratio for Krispy Kreme and BCG Matrix for McDonald's - Assignment Example The measurement considers all assets including inventory, accounts receivable, and fixed assets. The lower the ratio, the more slowly the firm’s sales are. Comparing the number to past years company data is important in order to see trends that have developed. In addition, comparing it to the industry standard is useful in order to see how the company compares to its prime competitors. If a problem exists with a low ratio, it could be possible that one or more of the firm’s asset categories have problems that need addressing. (Peavler, pp 1-2). Krispy Kreme’s total assets turnover ratio of 1.9 times is better than its prime competitors of McDonalds and Starbucks. McDonald's has a current total assets turnover of .80 times, while Starbucks Corporation has a current total assets turnover of 1.7 times. (ADVFN, PLC) Hence, this is listed as an overall strength or competitive advantage for Krispy Kreme. The second ratio examined is Krispy Kreme’s debt to equity ratio. The ratio is calculated as Total liabilities / Stockholder’s Equity. A high debt to equity ratio would indicate that the company has financed its growth through debt. The main issues would be if the company overextended itself and took on too much debt, or if it has to shoulder a large amount of interest due to the existing debt. High or increasing debt ratios in relation to equity can be dangerous since it would indicate that the company is being financed by creditors instead of internal cash flows. (www.enterpernuer.com website). Krispy Kreme’s debt to equity ratio of 1.05 is higher than its prime competitors. McDonalds Corporation has a .81 ratio, while Starbucks has a low .18 ratio. (ADVFN, PLC). Overall, 1.05 of Krispy Kreme is not an evident weakness, since using some leverage is not considered a clear weakness. The third ratio examined is the return on equity ratio. It is calculated as follows: Net income / Common Equity. This ratio is especially useful for shareholders who are interested in knowing what profits earned by the company can be made available to pay dividends.     

Social Work Management in Youth and Communities

Social Work Management in Youth and Communities 1.0: Introduction Youth work in the community, which is mainly performed by specially trained youth workers who work with youth at risk in group homes and community centres demands a high level of managerial skills blend with the skill in social work as argued by Mark Krueger (2000)[1]. The fact that the youth work is a non-profit approach makes it clear that the established management concepts were successful in profit-based organization need necessarily prove effective when deployed. In this report an overview of the theories embracing the management and social work with regards to youth and community work is presented to the reader. The report also demonstrates relevant examples from my previous experience in order to justify that the author of this report is ready to perform as an autonomous and reflective practitioner in the area of youth and community work. Furthermore, the report also presents a critical analysis on the British Social policies and the European Union perspective. A brief review on the global view on the youth work is also presented before concluding the report. 2.0: Overview of the theoretical concepts embracing youth and community work with examples This section commences with the overview on the management and historical content that reflects upon the youth work is presented to the reader. This is then followed by the analysis of the information and control system where the importance of the planning and information management is presented to the reader. The section is then concluded with an overview on the human resource management concepts embracing the youth work. 2.1: Management and historical content Peter F. Druker (1990)[2] says that management in the non-profit context is not only about effective performance and development but mainly embraces the idea of value addition to the society. The fact that the non-profit organizations are increasing in number with the support from government and public as argued by Robert F. Ashcraft (2000)[3]. This is not only because of the fact that the non-profit organizations are focused upon charity and fund raising but also involves the development of people at risk. The youth at risk development, which is of interest in this report, was given high level of importance only since the dawn of the twenty-first century even though it was emphasised by many researchers as early as 1978 by Paul Osterman (1978)[4]. As stated before, youth work in the community is a non-profit approach where the aim is to provide support and development to the youth at risk. This makes it clear that the nature of the work involved is varied and hence management skills that embrace the social work and value addition are essential than the effective performance managers who fair well in the profit-based organizations. Furthermore, it is also interesting to note that the youth work is not always about the social work to revive youth in danger but also to provide value-added service to the community in order to develop the youth of the nation through imparting culture and discipline. Alongside, it is also an intriguing fact that even through the youth work is a non-profit approach, the investment involved with the setting up and the running costs of the community work are relatively high with negligible or no income being generated. The support by the government and the local city council being the major source of the support financially, the management skills of the youth workers should not only embrace the efficient cost management methods but also focus upon developing the effective relationship strategy with the community in order to involve the neighbourhood to support the community work morally or even financially as argued by Mark Krueger (2000). The fact that youth work is predominantly involves the counselling, teaching and caring for the youth who come to the youth shelter having been abused, or in need of respite from home. In these cases the managerial skills of the youth worker should be more empathetic than focusing upon the development. The soft skills of the management like patience, proactive management to support people in need are the essential elements of management that should be demonstrated by a youth worker as argued by Mark Schoenhals (1998)[5]. This justifies that the effective management in the social work context is not about performance but mainly about the deployment of the soft skills to support the youth in need. Alongside it is also essential to mention that the youth worker’s management skills should not only reflect upon the development of the youth but also to focus upon the entire neighbourhood the youth worker is working at as argued by Mark Krueger (2000)[6]. The fact that the youth worker predominantly working in a volatile environment (i.e.) an unstable work place like the temporary youth shelter, working with the parents, foster parents etc as identified by Mark Krueger (2000) makes it clear that the youth worker management skills should be versatile to accommodate the changes in the environment effectively. The author’s experience from working with the Coventry Youth service has justified the aforementioned argument where the author gained experience of working with the Asian community youth in Hill-fields are of Coventry. Alongside, the student development programme conducted at Binley area which was focused upon the development of the youth through working with the parents and foster parents of the youth is another justification that the versatile management skills that embrace the soft skills is essential for the successful development of the youth work. It is also critical to state here that the author who led the youth development programme at Binley with a team of six youth workers accomplished the goals of the project (provide support and development opportunity to the youth in the community through working with their parents or foster parents) through the efficient deployment of the management skills discussed above. 2.2: Information and Control system Information and control in the youth work is a critical element in order to achieve the goal of providing development services to the youth. This is mainly because of the fact that the youth worker having to face a varied environment requires accurate and comprehensive information so as to effectively deploy the development plan. Mark Krueger (2000) argues that the information is a vital element for the successful planning of the development plan in a give youth and community work scenario. This is not only because of the need to effectively deploy the resources but also to accomplish the goal of the youth work that is projected for the day. Alongside, it is also essential to note that the control over the youth work is essential in order to accomplish the set goals of the project on hand without wastage of time and resources. Sara Banks (1998)[7] argues that the youth work in a community should be deployed in a controlled manner reflecting upon the ethical conduct and code of ethics mainly because of the fact that the youth work itself involves the deployment of self-discipline and control by the youth worker who strives to set an example of himself to the youth community he/she targeting to reform or protect. The fact that the control in the youth work is not the control of the youth but the stages of the programme being deployed makes it a critical that the information gathered is accurate and effective in nature. The information being the vital ingredient for the deployment of a plan in the youth work as argued by Sara Banks (1998) further justifies that the youth work should comprise effective background research on the community targeted prior to planning. Sara Banks (198) further argues that the information research and the planning can be accomplished effectively and successfully deployed through closely working with the city council and the local community centres by which the youth worker enjoys higher level of support and help from the community. Sara Banks (1998) also state that stating the objective of the youth work for a particular project is the critical element for the successful planning itself. This is also justified by the arguments of Abraham Daniel (1999)[8] who says that the objective of the youth work is the main element that attracts the community to participate in the youth development programme by the youth workers. Apart from the objective setting the factors of planning and evaluation are essential in order to deploy the resources since the plan of the youth work devised can be accomplished only through the effective evaluation of the information and plan in the light of the needs in the community targeted. The youth work participated by the author at Shotton in North Wales where the major barrier was the language because of the predominant Welsh population in the community. Alongside the cultural differences faced by the author and his team members along with the language barrier was overcome only through the effective information research on the community and closely working with the city council. The objective of the work being the rehabilitation of the youth who were under drug abuse was effectively planned through the effective information gathering on the activities of the youth in the community as well as the involvement of the local community centres to support the planning of the project. Furthermore, it is also essential to mention that the author who was the team member during the deployment of this project was given the opportunity of planning the work along with the team leader. It was clearly evident from the experience gained that the efficient planning is an essential el ement for the successful deployment of the youth work on hand. Alongside, the work at Shotton also provided valuable experience on the development of the controls around the project and the targets to meet in order to effectively accomplish the revival of the youth from drug abuse in the community. Since the project was initially misinterpreted as a rehabilitation project than support to the community, the marketing and communication of the project objective as a supporting element to develop the youth in the neighbourhood rather than a rehabilitation school. The process of working closely with the local community centres and the city council was highly supportive to achieve the confidence and support from the parents and foster parents of the youth. This is synonymous to the arguments of Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005)[9] who argue that the marketing communication is the vital tool for successfully reaching the target customers both in case of the profit-based and non-profit organizations. The discussions cited above comprise a vital example for the critical nature of the information and control in the youth work. 2.3: Human Resource management in youth work Human resource in any kind of work is indispensable in nature as argued by Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003)[10]. This is apparently because of the fact that the effective performance of the personnel involved in the project is the kindling element for accomplishing the project goals. This is also evident from the arguments of Michael Armstrong (2003)[11] who emphasises the fact that the human resource especially in a non-profit scenario is the foundation pillar for the entire project itself. The fact that the motivation and encouragement in the youth work or in any other form of social work is only through the effective leadership skills of the team leader who has to consider that the motivation is purely moral in nature and does not always include financial benefits. This apparently means that the leadership skills of the manager managing the project should be exemplary and must also demonstrate flexibility along with the authority and control. This is essential because of the volatile nature of the community work and the continuous changes that can affect the performance of the team members in involved in the community work. Andrew Rothwell and John Arnold (2005)[12] argue that the human resource management in a non-profit scenario and mainly the performance management are dependent upon the level of authority and control exercised by the manager in deploying the resources. This is also because of the fact that the results are not easily measurable in case of youth and community work, which makes it critical to understand that the performance of the youth workers is predominantly dependant upon their adherence to the controls and effectiveness in deploying the plan. Alongside, the authority element as argued by Mark Krueger (2000) is also an element of management and influence among the team members mainly because of the fact that the managers in the youth and community work do not have direct supervisory control over the team members since they work in a dispersed nature within the community under consideration itself. This makes it clear that the effective management can be accomplished only through the effective exercise of the authority. Furthermore, the fact that the youth workers and the youth with whom they work comprise the overall project plan makes it a complex job to effectively manage the youth worker to demonstrate self-discipline and character so as to set an example in the youth community they work. This being an essential element for the success of the youth and community work project is the major element that attributes to the human resource management by the managers in the youth work. Unlike the profit-based organization the non-profit approach with the need to demonstrate empathy and maintain effective relationship with the community makes it further critical for the managers to deploy a structured approach to the management of the youth and social work as argued by Peter F Druker (1990). A structured approach will not only enhance the performance of the youth workers but also help accomplish the objectives of the project effectively. This is also evident from the need to effectively organize the resources in order to accomplish the objectives as well as establish effective relationship with the community. The fact that the relationship with the community can be effectively nurtured through the structured deployment of the project by the managers emphasises the importance of the structured approach and performance management in youth and community work. The learning development project by the author and his team members at Tividale, in Dudley port at Birmingham is a classical example for the aforementioned discussions. The author being the team leader not only faced the language and cultural barriers but also a level of non-cooperation by certain community centres. Since the population in the target community was of diverse origin the need for a structured approach was essential to accomplish the planning and information research stages itself. This is not only because of the structured deployment but also through the effective deployment of the human resource (i.e.) management of the team members. The team had an inherent advantage of inclusion and diversity since the members were of different origin working for the same goal. This was effectively utilised to liaise with the community centres and gather required information and involvement to the project. The management of the members through the exercise of authority for example t he emphasis on working for target by the author was the factor that contributed to the effective performance among the team members. Furthermore, the planning and deployment of the project through allocating each team member a team of youth and an attached community centre also proved successful to the youth work as well as motivating to the youth worker. The effective planning process, which provided effective management as well as accomplishment of the targets within the time frame agreed, helped to the success of the project greatly. From the above discussions it is clear that the author of the report has strived to demonstrate a clear understanding of the management theoretical concepts with examples from this experience gained through fieldwork. In the next section a critical analysis on the big picture of the British Youth policies and comparison to that of the European Union and a global perspective is presented to the reader. 3.0: The big picture The British youth policies as argued by John A. Calhoun (2002)[13] is predominantly rehabilitation based (i.e.) the use of law and order to accomplish the youth development can be seen in the system. Although the youth development in the UK embraces the welfare of the youth, the stringent laws present on the Binge drinking and other anti-social activities that results in cash penalties and even imprisonment makes the youth policy a little overstated in the UK. Bill Katz (2004)[14] further argues that the policies adhered in the UK is not only the critical element for the successful deployment of youth and community work in the society but also establishes the need to establish trust among the public in order to gain their co-operation. The British youth policies in general even through as stringent laws is focused upon the overall development of the youth community in the UK in order to present an effective and sustainable environment for the future. This approach of the government is necessary because of the increasing diversity in the population in the UK. The interesting fact that the diversity in the UK population has not tarnished the support by the community to government’s strive to youth development but is also against the use of force and law against youth accused for anti-social activities. The need for self-discipline and control in the society as stated by John A Calhoun (2002) makes it clear that the need to use force when necessary to accomplish the aforementioned is inevitable. Furthermore, an insight into the Greater Manchester Metropolitan Police report (2004)[15] makes it clear that the use of force is the last used method to control anti-social behaviour by the youth involved in anti-social behaviour. This further makes it clear that youth policy both at the local and national level use force to control anti-social behaviour of youth as a last sought method rather than using it in the first instance. This justifies the youth policy of the nation, which is focused upon the development of youth and protection from abuse whilst exercising force when involved in anti-social behaviour. The youth policy proposed by the European Union is similar to the approach of UK except for the emphasis on the use of force on youth. The policy not only reflects upon the need to provide development and support to the youth but also emphasises upon the restricted use of force in by the authorities. Since the approach of European Union embraces the member states it is thus essential to emphasise upon the restriction on the use of force. This is because of the varied nature of the exercise of law and order across European Union member states thus making it essential to prevent the use of force on the youth. It is also intriguing to note that not only the western countries are involved in the youth development and support but also the countries in the Far East like China and India. The Chinese government approach to youth development as a critical element for the economic growth of the nation makes it clear that the Far eastern countries have realised the importance of youth development in order to sustain the economic growth of their nation. 4.0: Conclusion Thus to conclude this report, it is clear that the management of youth and community work by the youth workers and managers is a challenging role that requires versatile people skills blended with effective management and planning. The overview on the theoretical concepts and the examples has revealed the author’s understanding and knowledge in managing youth and community work. The overview on the big picture detailing the British youth policy and the European Union has also justified the extent of research conducted in order to establish as an autonomous and reflective practitioner in the area of youth and community work by the author. 5.0: References Books Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management HRM in Action, UK: Prentice Hall Michael Armstrong and Tina Stephens (2003) A handbook of employee reward management and practice, London Kogan Page Peter F. Druker (1990), Managing the non-profit organization: practices and principles, London: Butterworth-Heinemann Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management 12e, Prentice Hall India Journals and reports Abraham Daniel (1999), ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE UNITS. Annals of Public Cooperative Economics, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p169 Andrew Rothwell and John Arnold (2005), How HR professionals rate continuing professional development Human Resource Management Journal, 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p18-32 Bill Katz (2004), Youth Policy: The Monthly Report on National Youth Program and Issues. Library Journal, 4/1/89, Vol. 114 Issue 6, p119-119 Greater Manchester Metropolitan Police (2004), Performance Statistics John A. Calhoun (2002), Claiming youth: A new paradigm in youth policy. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, Winter2002, Vol. 2002 Issue 38, p67-80 Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4. Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work Applied Developmental Science, Jun2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p21-27 Mark Schoenhals (1998), The Educational and Personal Consequences of Adolescent Employment. Social Forces, Dec98, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p723-762 Paul Osterman (1978), Youth, Work, and Unemployment. May/Jun78, Vol. 21 Issue 2 Robert F. Ashcraft (2000), Where Youth Work Preparation Meets Higher Education: Perspectives From an American Humanics Campus Program. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4 Sara Banks (1998), Codes of Ethics and Ethical Conduct: A View from the Caring Professions. Public Money Management, Jan-Mar98, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p27 Footnotes [1] Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4. [2] Peter F. Druker (1990), Managing the non-profit organization : practices and principles, London: Butterworth-Heinemann [3] Robert F. Ashcraft (2000), Where Youth Work Preparation Meets Higher Education: Perspectives From an American Humanics Campus Program. Applied Developmental Science, 2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4 [4] Paul Osterman (1978), Youth, Work, and Unemployment. May/Jun78, Vol. 21 Issue 2 [5] Mark Schoenhals (1998), The Educational and Personal Consequences of Adolescent Employment.. Social Forces, Dec98, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p723-762 [6] Mark Krueger (2000), Presence, Fear, Curiosity, and Other Themes in Community Youth Work Applied Developmental Science, Jun2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p21-27 [7] Sara Banks (1998), Codes of Ethics and Ethical Conduct: A View from the Caring Professions. Public Money Management, Jan-Mar98, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p27 [8] Abraham Daniel (1999), ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE UNITS. Annals of Public Cooperative Economics, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p169 [9] Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management 12e, Prentice Hall India [10] Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management HRM in Action, UK: Prentice Hall [11] Michael Armstrong and Tina Stephens (2003) A handbook of employee reward management and practice, London Kogan Page [12] Andrew Rothwell and John Arnold (2005), How HR professionals rate continuing professional development Human Resource Management Journal, 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p18-32 [13] John A. Calhoun (2002), Claiming youth: A new paradigm in youth policy. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, Winter2002, Vol. 2002 Issue 38, p67-80 [14] Bill Katz (2004), Youth Policy : The Monthly Report on National Youth Program and Issues. Library Journal, 4/1/89, Vol. 114 Issue 6, p119-119 [15] Greater Manchester Metropolitan Police (2004), Performance Statistics

The Importance of Setting in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins

  Ã‚  Ã‚   A review of the house itself suggests that an architectural hierarchy of privacy increases level by level. At first, the house seems to foster romantic sensibilities; intrigued by its architectural connotations, the narrator embarks upon its description immediately--it is the house that she wants to "talk about" (Gilman 11). Together with its landscape, the house is a "most beautiful place" that stands "quite alone . . . well back from the road, quite three miles from the village" (Gilman 11). The estate's grounds, moreover, consist of "hedges and walls and gates that lock" (Gilman 11). As such, the house and its grounds are markedly depicted as mechanisms of confinement--ancestral places situated within a legacy of control and supervision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are the exterior apparatuses that create and enforce the bedroom as a monitoring device, structuring interior space by exceeding its very boundaries, expanding beyond the egresses of the household in an effort to maintain the interior/exterior polarity. The result is a privacy within the privacy of the home. The bedroom becomes the locus of what Wigley calls a "secret privacy;" it is its own interior wrought with overtones of mystery and intrigue (345).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because the bedroom in "The Yellow Wallpaper" veils both sexuality and the female body, and is involved in the production of secrets, the bedroom and the body are linked: both are secret, and both contain secrets. Associated with connotations of private, intimate, enclosed space, the bedroom ultimately suggests other such spaces. The bedroom becomes a metaphor for the female body and makes the body manageable, controllable. Writing about the body and secrecy, Ludmilla Jordanova notes: Veiling implies secrecy. Wome... ...iction. 17 (1989): 193-201. Haney-Peritz, Janice. "Monumental Feminism and Literature's Ancestral House: Another Look at 'The Yellow Wallpaper'" Women's Studies. 12 (1986): 113-128. Kasmer, Lisa. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Symptomatic Reading." Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990): 1-15. Jordanova, Ludmilla. Sexual Visions: Images of Gender in Science and Medicine between the 18th and 20th Centuries. London: Harrester Wheatsheaf, 1989. Mulvey, Laura. "Pandora: Topographies of the Mask and Curiosity." Sexuality and Space. Ed. Beatriz Colomina. Princeton: Princeton Papers on Architecture, 1992. 53-71. ------. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Screen. 16 (1975): 6-18. Wigley, Mark. "Untitled: The Housing of Pleasure." Sexuality and Space. Ed. Beatriz Colomina. Princeton Papers on Architecture, 1992. 327-389.   

Juvenile Justice Articles

Samara Belgrade Ventura county 14-year-old boy, Brandon McClellan was arrested and charged with the shooting death off classmate Lawrence King. Lawrence was shot In the head at a close range. This crime was a premeditated hate crime, therefore, the Dialect Attorney added special allegation of a hate crime against Brandon McClellan, and he was charged as an adult.Larry King classmates indicated that King had recently started to wear makeup and had openly proclaimed himself as gay. Classmates also indicated that King and a group of students had a confrontation due to his sexual orientation the day before he was murdered. McClellan recently turned 14, this is the legal age for charging an adolescent as an adult under the early sass's Proposition 21 . Brandon McClellan was sentenced to 21 years for the killing Lawrence King.Juvenile arrested after hooting at undercover police in Lincoln Heights A male juvenile was booked for attempted murder after shots were fired at undercover police of ficers in Lincoln Heights. The 16-year-old male was captured after a search of more than seven hours inside a closed perimeter in the Lincoln Heights neighborhood, Los Angels Police Department SST. Kevin Moore said. The search began after an unknown number of shots were fired at a car driven by undercover narcotics detectives, neither officer were hurt.A citywide tactical alert, where all police personnel had their shifts extended as the search continued, was issued at 7:15 p. M. And downgraded to the Central Bureau at 8 p. M.

A Beautiful Mind †Schizophrenia Essay

If you ever wondered and wanted to experience how a person with schizophrenia thinks and acts, then; a beautiful mind is the perfect movie to see to get an elaborate point of view of a person who struggles with schizophrenia in their everyday life. In this movie the depiction of schizophrenia is described as a person who lives out their life thinking and believes that there’s an actual living person they talk to, but in reality it’s just delusions and hallucinations they are experiencing. The features and symptoms displayed in this film that help identified the main characters’ disorder were hearing, seeing, and feeling things that weren’t actually there. It then progressed to anger and anxiety, which I believe was due to encountering events or a series of events that participated later along the characters life. As the characters symptoms seem to get worse he was then delivered and brought to use insulin coma therapy, which I read by psychiatric consultant, Max Fink, in Psychiatric News, â€Å"The primary treatment he received was insulin coma therapy, which along with ECT was the only treatment that had demonstrated any impact on schizophrenia symptoms by the time of his illness†. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay After undergoing many treatments in the psychiatric hospital he then eventually stopped taking the medications and treatments do to memory loss, which prevented him from solving the difficulty math problems he was accustom to do in his early years. As a result it leads him back to madness state of hallucinations and delusions of schizophrenia.

Shakolton essays

Shakolton essays As the sands of time run through the hourglass one particular grain demands a closer look. That moment in time tells a story of wonderful expedition. On an epic adventure where Sir Earnest Shackolton and his crew of 26 men and one stowaway set off from South Georgia island on December 5, 1914. Amazingly they lost no human life. Common belief is that three main factors led to their survival. Supplies, their determination and perseverance, and their leader and captain, Shackolton The cold barren nature of Antarctica makes it very tough to accumulate supplies like food, fresh water, dry wood, and flint. The demand of supplies needed on an expedition of this great extent is very, very, immense; with their skills on hunting and fishing to rely on the journey would be a long one. Their determination and perseverance is one other thing that led to no loss of human life. (Their physical and emotional strength contributed to this as well) before the Endurance sunk the two men pumping water out of the boat, the men fixing floor boards, and getting the supplies needed to get off the Endurance and to make camp. If you were thinking that any of them gave up, you were wrong. I believe that Shackolton just wouldnt let them give up Shackoltons leadership is one of the many things that led to no loss of human life on this great expedition. I think that one of the great things about leadership is that there at least three qualities. One of them is bravery. If your leader is a chicken he would not be much of a leader. Subsequent to the first one, if your leader is not smart he might run into an immense battle alone. Third, if your leader is not experienced in whatever subject it is. In conclusion, three main factors that led to no loss of human life are, supplies, perseverance, and Shackoltons leadership. These three things lead to a great and courageous journey lead by a man whose legacy has stood the test of time. ...

Culture Practice Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture Practice Paper - Essay Example Maya civilization was first established in the pre-classic period. It reached its peak in the classic period and continued until the arrival of the Spanish in the year 1525. At its epitome, it became one of the richest cultures in the world. Maya civilization and Mesoamerican civilization are quite similar due to cultural diffusion and interactions within the societies. Maya civilization helped in the development of famous cities such as, Tikal, Copan, Altun Ha and many others. Maya civilization had intensive agricultural practices with corn as the staple food. Historical anthropologists assert that religion rather than sciences was almost part of every life in Maya civilization. Therefore, more than 40 cities states had temples and pyramids for warships until the fall of Maya civilization in the year 1542. Anthropologists have identified religion, the cosmic tree, the sacred time, deities such as (male/female, old/young, human/animal) language, public life among others as some of the cultural themes in Mayan civilization. Each of these cultural terms played greater roles in the development and peaceful existence of the society. Therefore, these cultures were highly valued to the extent that societies could not do without them. The Mayan society therefore made it necessary to preserve them. Religion, one of the cultural practices in Maya civilization played major role in shaping the society. The fact that religious kings were at the top most level of hierarchy gave religion an upper hand in Maya civilization. For instance, taxation and law were viewed as religious practices, though they were in the civic administrative docket. Other religious aspects were realized on the time factor. The Maya Shaman would interpret the time cycles and give them a prophetic outlook on the past or future within the views of their prescribed calendars. In many cases, the gods would be appeased if by any means the shaman -prophesy would spell

Conceptual and Practical Approaches for Assessment in Accounting Thesis

Conceptual and Practical Approaches for Assessment in Accounting - Thesis Example This essay declares that any business ventures prefer taking moderate risks. You find that before they commit their resources in any form of a business, they first assess the risks which might accrue when running their business and their ability to try and manage those risks, the benefits that they will realize after they have invested and the challenges they might come upon when running their business. Accounting information helps in solving this problem. This study will help to know how these elements of accounting also known as the flow of funds models are very vital in understanding the determinants of the economic growth and its likelihood of entering the debt driven recession. Flow of funds models and their underpinning are among the non-neo classical economic framework. This paper makes a conclusion that the finance, insurance and the real estate (FIRE) sector includes all sorts of wealth managing nonbanks firms which may include which generate credit flows. Liquidity from the FIRE sector flows to firms, households and the government as they borrow. This then facilitates fixed capital investment, production, consumption the value by which the accounting necessity can be jointly equal to the real sector incomes which are inform of profits, taxes, wages plus the financial investments and obligations (interest payments). Funds then originate in the banking parts of the FIRE sector they do circulate to the real economy or even they can return back to the FIRE sector inform of financial investments or even in the payment of debts services plus financial fees.

Retention Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retention Intervention - Essay Example To counteract a high turnover rate, a set of retention techniques can be used to avoid/resolve conflicts and improve the company image. Retention means retaining those employees who share the company values and fit with the company profile. When staff retention is a program, a workforce development program can be initiated. An organization cannot survive if its top performers quit. Loyal and dedicated workers are needed if the company’s strategic objectives are to realized. The management must retain valuable employees in order to ensure the long term success of the company. An employee who spends a longer duration with an organization becomes more familiar with its rules and guidelines and has less adjusting issues. This can save the company valuable time it will otherwise have to spend on training and helping adjust new recruits. Whenever an employee resigns, it is the responsibility of the HR to intervene and find the cause of resignation. There can be many reasons for a resignation which includes lesser salary, lack of growth, negative ambience etc. The primary role of the HR is to keep track of any trends or patterns which may emerge in resignation data which suggest that there is a problem for the employees. In order to ensure that the retention issue and resignation does not arise in the first place, the recruitment of the right candidate by the HR department is necessary. The HR department should recruit people who fit the company profile. It is enticing to hire a person by forcing him to stay for a lesser salary but this is a bad tactic. The person might stay for some time but will eventually leave. The recruitment process therefore should be tailor made to ensure the right people are hired who won’t cause a retention problem to arise in the first place. There are many retention techniques that an HR department can undertake. These include the launch of motivational